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Opinion Essay

Trees in Cambodia getting less and less. There are many people who cutting down the and sell for other country. Most people don’t even know, how trees are important. Trees give us food, increasing rain, decreasing hot, having a lot of animals and have a good trees for next Cambodian generation. There are several reason of losing the trees.

First reason, is decreasing rain. If there are no trees, that area won’t rain, because tree is a good resource for rain. Trees create rain clouds as moisture from their leaves evaporate. If it has only a few trees, which mean it doesn’t enough moisture and the water from trees leaves evaporate.

Second reason, is earth getting hotter and hotter. If we have a lot of trees, which mean trees are protecting us for sun temperature. Also, if we cutting down the trees,  and some people burn a lot of plastic, the sun of the sun with get thinner and thinner, and the earth would get hotter and hotter. Trees are important natural that help the earth to protect from the sun hit.

Third reason, is less animals. Why there is less animals, because most of the animals are living is the forest. Forest is amount of trees. Animals live in forest to hide from human. Also trees in the forest give them a lot of food, and fruit to survive their live. If the trees still cutting down, the animals won’t have enough food, and fruit to eat, have no shelter to stay,  have people easy to hunt them. Moreover their might change their habitat to other country all over the world.

Forth reason, is less good trees for new generation. If people still cutting down the trees the new generation might don’t know how good trees look like, or how important of big trees look like. New generation might don’t what trees, if the trees still cutting down more. They might only know about new technology, more modern stuff.

Finally, is getting less food, because of fruit and food come trees, which mango trees, banana trees, orange trees, and a lot of trees more. If the trees get less people won’t enough food eat, or feed their family. Also if the natural food get less, people would produce more junk. Junk is a type of food that make us unhealthy.

To summarize,  Those five reason such as: less good trees for new generation, less food, less animals, decreasing rain, and earth getting hotter and hotter, that are the problem and the cause while people cutting down the trees. Last encourage people who have been cutting down the trees to grow more plants and turn the earth green again.

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Tourist Attractive in Thailand/ Jan

Thailand is a developed country in southeast Asia. Thailand is bordering with Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and Myanmar. There are 68.86 millions people in 2016, which is 23.84 million people less than Vietnamese population. Thailand is 513,120 square kilometers. Its traditional language is Thai. Thailand has 76 provinces, 878 districts but not including 50 districts of Bangkok. The currency of Thailand is Baht. In Thailand, there are eight top sights to travel: Jim Thompson House, Wat Pho, Sukhothai Historical Park, Wat Phumin, Chatuchak Weekend Market, Wat Phra Kaew, Wat Phra That Lampang Luang, and Erawan National Park.

Jim Thompson is​ a jungly compound, which is the former home of the eponymous American silk entrepreneur and art collector. Born in Delaware in 1906, Thompson briefly served in the Office of Strategic Services  in Thailand during WWII. He settled in Bangkok after the war. When his neighbours’ handmade silk caught his eye and piqued his business sense, he sent samples to fashion houses in Milan, London and Paris, gradually building a steady worldwide clientele.

Wat Pho is a rambling grounds of Wat Pho covering eight hectares, with the major tourist sites occupying the northern side of The Chetuphon and the monastic facilities found on the southern side. The temple compound is also the national headquarters for the teaching and preservation of traditional Thai medicine, including Thai massage, a mandate legislated by Rama III when the tradition was in danger of extinction. The famous massage school has two massage pavilions located within the temple area and addition rooms within the training facility outside the temple.

The architecture of Sukhothai temples is most typified by the classic lotus-bud chedi, featuring a conical spire topping a square-sided structure on a three-tiered base. Some sites exhibit other rich architectural forms introduced and modified during the period, such as bell-shaped Sinhalese and double-tiered Srivijaya chedi. Despite the popularity of the park, it’s quite expansive and solitary exploration is usually possible. Some of the most impressive ruins are outside the city walls, so a bicycle or motorcycle is essential to fully appreciate everything.

Wat Phumin is the most famous Buddhist temple, which is celebrated for its exquisite murals that were executed during the late 19th century by a Thai Lü artist named Thit Buaphan. The exterior of the temple takes the form of a cruciform bòht (ordination hall) that was constructed in 1596 and restored during the reign of Chao Anantavorapit Hide (1867–74). The ornate altar in the center of the bòht has four sides, with four Sukhothai-style sitting Buddhas facing in each direction.

   Chatuchak Weekend Market is among the largest markets in the Thailand. Chatuchak seems to unite everything buyable, from used vintage sneakers to baby squirrels. Plan to spend a full day here, as there’s plenty to see, do and buy. But come early, ideally around 10 am, to beat the crowds and the heat.There are an information center and a bank with ATMs and foreign-exchange booths at the Chatuchak Park Office, near the northern end of the market’s Soi 1, Soi 2 and Soi 3. Schematic maps and toilets are located throughout the market.

Friday nights from around 8 pm to midnight, several vendors, largely those selling clothing, accessories, and food, open up shop in Chatuchak. There are a few vendors on weekday mornings and a daily vegetable, plant and flower market opposite the market’s southern side. One section of the latter, known as the Or Tor Kor Market, sells fantastically gargantuan fruit and seafood and has a decent food court as well.

Once you’re deep in the bowels of Chatuchak, it will seem like there is no order and no escape, but the market is arranged into relatively coherent sections. Use the clock tower as a handy landmark.

Antiques, Handicrafts & Souvenirs

Section 1 is the place to go for Buddha statues, old LPs, and other random antiques. More secular arts and crafts, such as musical instruments and hill-tribe items can be found in Sections 25 and 26. Baan Sin Thai sells a mixture of kŏhnmasks and old-school Thai toys, all of which make fun souvenirs, and Kitcharoen Dountri specializes in Thai musical instruments, including flutes, whistles, drums and CDs of classical Thai music. Other quirky gifts include the lifelike plastic Thai fruit and vegetables at Marché or their scaled-down miniature counterparts nearby at Papachu.

Clothing & Accessories

Clothing dominates most of Chatuchak, starting in Section 8 and continuing through the even-numbered sections to 24. Sections 5 and 6 deal in used clothing for every Thai youth subculture, from punks to cowboys, while Soi 7, where it transects Sections 12 and 14, is heavy on the more underground hip-hop and skate fashions. Somewhat more sophisticated independent labels can be found in Sections 2 and 3, while tourist-sized clothes and textiles are in Sections 8 and 10.

For accessories, several shops in Sections 24 and 26, such as Orange Karen Silver, specialize in chunky silver jewelry and semi-precious uncut stones.

Eating & Drinking

Lots of Thai-style eating and snacking will stave off Chatuchak rage (cranky behavior brought on by dehydration or hunger), and numerous food stalls set up shop between Sections 6 and 8. Long-standing standouts include Foontalop, an incredibly popular Isan restaurant; Café Ice, a Western-Thai fusion joint that does good, if overpriced, pàt tai (fried noodles) and tasty fruit shakes; Toh-Plue, which does all the Thai standards; and Saman Islam, a Thai-Muslim restaurant that serves a tasty chicken biryani. Viva 8 features a DJ and, when we stopped by, a chef making huge platters of paella. And as evening draws near, down a beer at Viva’s, a cafe-bar that features live music.

Housewares & Decor

The western edge of the market, particularly Sections 8 to 26, specializes in all manner of housewares, from cheap plastic buckets too expensive brass works  . This area is a particularly good place to stock up on inexpensive Thai ceramics, ranging from celadon to the traditional rooster-themed bowls from Lampang.

PL Bronze has a huge variety of stainless-steel flatware, and Ton-Tan deals in coconut- and sugar-palm-derived plates, bowls and other utensils.

Those looking to spice up the house should stop by Spice Boom, where you can find dried herbs and spices for both consumption and decoration. Other notable olfactory indulgences include the handmade soaps, lotions, salts and scrubs at D-narn, and the fragrant perfumes and essential oils at AnyaDharu Scent Library.

For less utilitarian goods, Section 7 is a virtual open-air gallery – we particularly liked Pariwat A-nantachina for Bangkok-themed murals. Several shops in Section 10, including Tuptim Shop, sell new and antique Burmese lacquerware. Menu features a dusty mish-mash of quirky antiques from both Thailand and Myanmar.

Pets

Possibly the most fun you’ll ever have window-shopping will be petting puppies and be cuddling kittens in Sections 13 and 15. Soi 9 of the former features several shops that deal solely in clothing for pets. It’s also worth noting that this section has, in the past, been associated with the sale of illegal wildlife, although much of this trade has been driven underground.

Plants & Gardening

The interior perimeter of Sections 2 to 4 feature a huge variety of potted plants, flowers, herbs, fruits, and the accessories needed to maintain them. Many of these shops are also open on weekday afternoons.

   Wat Phra Kaew: This pagoda was consecrated in 1782, the first year of Bangkok rule, and is today Bangkok’s biggest tourist attraction and a pilgrimage destination for devout Buddhists and nationalists. The 94.5-hectare grounds encompass more than 100 buildings that represent 200 years of royal history and architectural experimentation. Most of the architecture, royal or sacred, can be classified as Rattanakosin (old-Bangkok style).

Emerald Buddha

Upon entering Wat Phra Kaew you’ll meet the yaksha, brawny guardian giants from the Ramakien. Beyond them is a courtyard where the central bòht (ordination hall) houses the Emerald Buddha. The spectacular ornamentation inside and out does an excellent job of distracting first-time visitors from paying their respects to the image. Here’s why: the Emerald Buddha is only 66cm tall and sits so high above worshippers in the main temple building that the gilded shrine is more striking than the small figure it cradles. No one knows exactly where it comes from or who sculpted it, but it first appeared on record in 15th-century Chiang Rai in northern Thailand. Stylistically it seems to belong to Thai artistic periods of the 13th to 14th centuries.Because of its royal status, the Emerald Buddha is ceremoniously draped in monastic robes. There are now three royal robes: for the hot, rainy and cool seasons. The three robes are still solemnly changed by the king at the beginning of each season.

Ramakien Murals

Outside the main bòht is a stone statue of the Chinese goddess of mercy, Kuan Im, and nearby are two cow figures, representing the year of Rama I’s birth. In the 2km-long cloister that defines the perimeter of the complex are 178 murals depicting the Ramakian (the Thai version of the Indian Ramayana epic) in its entirety, beginning at the north gate and moving clockwise around the compound.The story begins with the hero, Rama (the greenfaced character), and his bride, Sita (the beautiful topless maiden). The young couple is banished to the forest, along with Rama’s brother. In this pastoral setting, the evil king Ravana (the character with many arms and faces) disguises himself as a hermit in order to kidnap Sita.Rama joins forces with Hanuman, the monkey king (logically depicted as the white monkey), to attack Ravana and rescue Sita. Although Rama has the pedigree, Hanuman is the unsung hero. He is loyal, fierce and clever. En route to the final fairy-tale ending, great battles and schemes of trickery ensue until Ravana is finally killed. After withstanding a loyalty test of fire, Sita and Rama are triumphantly reunited.If the temple grounds seem overrun by tourists, the mural area is usually mercifully quiet and shady.

   Wat Phra That Lampang Luang is The ancient Buddhist temple compound houses several interesting religious structures, including what is arguably the most beautiful wooden Lanna temple in northern Thailand, the open-sided Wihan Luang. Dating back to 1476 and thought to be the oldest-standing wooden structure in the country, the impressive  features a triple-tiered wooden roof supported by immense teak pillars and early 19th-century jataka murals (showing stories of the Buddha’s previous lives) painted on wooden panels around the inside upper perimeter.

   A huge, gilded  (the small square-sided building with a spire) in the back of the wí·hăhn contains a Buddha image cast in 1563.The small and simple Wihan Ton Kaew, to the north of the main was built in 1476, while the tall Lanna-style chedi (stupa) behind the main raised in 1449 and restored in 1496, is 45m high.Wihan Nam Team, to the north of the chedi, was built in the early 16th century and, amazingly, still contains traces of the original murals, making them among the oldest in the country.

South of the main chedi, Wihan Phra Phut dates back to the 13th century and is the oldest structure in the compound.Unfortunately, only men are allowed to see a camera obscura image of the chedi in the Haw Phra Phutthabat, a small white building behind the chedi. The image is projected (upside down) onto a white cloth and clearly depicts the colors of the structures outside.The lintel over the entrance to the compound features an impressive dragon relief, once common in northern Thai temples but rarely seen today. This gate allegedly dates to the 15th century.

In the arboretum outside the southern gate of the wát, there are now three museums. One displays mostly festival paraphernalia and some Buddha figures. Another, called House of the Emerald Buddha, contains a miscellany of coins, banknotes, Buddha figures, silver betel-nut cases, lacquerware and other ethnographic artifacts, along with three small heavily gold-leafed Buddhas placed on an altar behind an enormous repoussé silver bowl. The third, a small museum, features shelves of Buddha figures, lacquered boxes, manuscripts and ceramics, all well labeled in Thai and English.

Wat Phra That Lampang Luang is 18 km southwest of Lampang in Ko Kha. To get there by public transport from Lampang, flag a blue eastbound  (passenger pick-up truck, 20B) on The Boonyawat. From the Ko Kha stop, it’s a 3 km chartered motorcycle taxi ride to the temple (60B). Alternatively, you can charter a  from Lampang bus station for 400B, or taxis will take you there and back for around the same price.

If you’re driving or cycling from Lampang, head south on The Phaholyothin and take the                       Ko Kha exit, then follow the road over a bridge and bear right. Follow the signs and continue for 3km over another bridge until you see the temple on the left.

   Erawan National Park is a Splashing in cerulean pools under Erawan Falls is the highlight of this 550 sq km park. Seven tiers of waterfall tumble through the forest, and bathing beneath these crystalline cascades is equally popular with locals and visitors. Reaching the first three tiers is easy; beyond here, walking shoes and some endurance are needed to complete the steep 2km hike (it’s worth it to avoid the crowds in the first two pools). There are hourly buses from Kanchanaburi.

   Bring a swimming costume (and cover-up T-shirt) but be aware you’re sharing the bathing area with large, nibbling fish; monkeys have been known to snatch swimmers’ belongings. Level four has a natural rock slide and level six usually has the fewest swimmers. Buggies (adult/child 30/15B) can transport people with limited mobility to the first level. Picnickers, be aware that you can’t take food and drink to level three or beyond. Bottles of water are permitted but to prevent littering, visitors are asked to register bottles and leave a 20B deposit (which is returned when you show the bottle on your way back down).

Elsewhere in the park, Tham Phra That is a cave with a variety of shimmering limestone formations. Geologists find the caves of interest due to a clearly visible fault line. Contact the visitor center before driving the 12km out there and a guide will meet you with paraffin lamps. There are several other fantastic caves in the park, but they’re currently closed to the public.

The park was named for Erawan, the three-headed elephant of Hindu mythology, whom the top tier is thought to resemble. Mixed deciduous forest covers over 80 percent of the park, but there’s also dry evergreen and dry dipterocarp forest and big swathes of bamboo. Tigers, elephants, sambar deer, gibbons, red giant flying squirrels, king cobras and hornbills call the park home, but they don’t frequent the waterfall area and you’re unlikely to see them along the park’s limited trails.

From the visitor center, Mong Lay Dry Trail only takes an hour; for something more taxing, embark on the 5km Khao Hin Lan Pee Trail, a three-hour walk that takes you to the falls’ fifth tier.Park bungalows sleep between two to eight people. Tent hire is 150B to 300B; if you bring your own tent, there’s a 30B fee.From Kanchanaburi, buses (50B, 1½ hours) run hourly from 8 am to 5 pm and go right to the visitor center. The last bus back to town is at 4 pm, and on weekends it will be packed. Touts at the bus station will try to talk you into hiring a private driver instead of taking the bus, but this isn’t necessary.

   All the 8 sights are the best places for visitors to have fun with family.

 

Purpose: The purpose of compiling this little booklet is for the visitors who want to visit Thailand and they are not sure where to visit.

School: Liger Leadership Academy

Teacher: Jan

Supported by: Bunthan

compiled by: Kimhor Bun

I would like to express my thanks to all of the teachers at Liger Leadership Academy who help and teaches me!    

Reference

              

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Khmer Grammar

In Khmer class, this round we had learned about Khmer grammar and to understand more specific of each one of them. Learning Khmer grammar is not easy because there is a lot of subjects and way to use those. In each class, we had divided into small groups or partners to research the different word classes. There are verb, noun, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, and mores. My Khmer teacher assigns me to research about noun and the history of a noun. Researching about noun is seems to be easy, but we need

to put our effort and hard-working in order to finish those researches.

A noun is a word to identifies people, plants, places, things, ideas, and animals. In Khmer, there are eight types of noun, which six of them also exist in English and two of them do not exist in English. Those are:

Common noun

Proper noun

Collective noun

Gerund noun

Concrete noun

Abstract noun

Unknown

Unknown

 

If you want to know and understand more about them and the others two in Khmer, please click here !

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Carbon

       

In STEM class, this round, we had learned about the chemical periodic table. There are 7 horizontal rows, 17 groups with 118 elements in the periodic table. We had learned some of those elements, but for this round, we focus on Carbon and carbon cycles.

What is Carbon? Carbon is an element with a symbol of C and has 6 atomic number. Carbon is a nonmetal that making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 in the periodic table. Because carbon has valence electrons, it needs four more electrons to fill its outer level. It can achieve this by forming for covalent bonds. A covalent bond is a form between nonmetals. In a covalent bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons. By forming four covalent bonds, carbon shares four pairs of electrons, thus filling its outer energy level. A carbon atom can form bonds with other carbon atoms or with the atoms of other elements. Carbon often forms bonds with hydrogen. The compound represented in the figure is methane (CH4). The carbon atom in a methane molecule forms bonds with four hydrogen atoms. Carbon is a very special element because pure carbon can exist in different forms, depending on how its atoms are arranged. The forms include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. All three forms exist as crystals, but they have different structures. Their different structures, thus give them different properties.

What is the carbon cycles? Carbon cycles is a cycle of photosynthesis through decay organism, respiration, combustion. Through those cycles is formed carbon dioxide. Why carbon cycles are important? All living things are made of carbon. Carbon is also a part of the ocean, air, and even rocks. Because the Earth is a dynamic place, carbon does not stay still. It is on the move. In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide. Plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make their own food and grow. The carbon becomes part of the plant. Plants that die and are buried may turn into fossil fuels made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years. When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and traps heat in the atmosphere. Without it and other greenhouse gases, Earth would be a frozen world. But humans have burned so much fuel that there is about 30% more carbon dioxide in the air today than many years ago, and Earth is becoming a warmer place. Every small amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are important, but if we have too much carbon dioxide it could cause global warming.

Reducing burning fossil fuel to save the earth from global warming.

 

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Decimal

In this round, everybody felt excited I guess, because we had finished primary mathematics 5A book, and continued to 5B book. In 5A we had learned a lot about decimal, places, ratio, area, perimeter, and estc…. We had been working on that book for about 4 months. Everybody put a lot of hard effort and a lot of times to finished those book. Back to 5B, there are not a lot of hard things and new things to do and really focused on, because at the beginning of the book, we just review the lesson back from the 5A book. At the beginning of the book, we had learned about decimal. Decimal is a fraction that is written in the form of a dot following the number that represents different places of a number. The places of the decimal are thousands, hundred, ones, oneths, hundredths, thousandths and estc…..

 

For example 25.46:

2 = in the tens places

5 = in the ones places

. = a decimal

4 = in the tens places

6 = in the hundreds places

When we pronoun 25.46 is twenty-five, point, tenths, thousands. This example seems easy, isn’t it? So, let’s do another harder one.

 

For example 6472.3298

6 = in the thousands places

4 = in the hundreds places

7 =  in the tens places

2 = in the one places

. = point

3 = in the tenths places

2 =  in the hundredths places

9 = in the thousandths places

8 = in the ten-thousandths places

When we pronoun them are six thousands, four hundreds seventy two, point three tenths, two-hundredths, nine-thousandths, and eight ten-thousandths or point three, two, nine, eight. This seems a lot harder than the first example.

 

I hope an example above could make you understand a little bit about decimal. Not just learning about decimal places, we also learned how to plus, minus, multiply, and division decimal. For plus and minus, it seems easy because the process is the same as normal addition and abstract. What’s hard is multiplication, and division, because when you do multiplication what you expect result is to be higher than the main number. When you do the division what you expect the result is to get smaller than the main number. All of those are what you expect, but in reality, it is not. When you the multiplication the result will get smaller than the main number, and when you do the division the result will get higher than the main number.

 

Multiplication decimal example:

84 x 0.1 = 8.4

84 x 0.01 = 0.84

84 x 0.001 = 0.084

 

Why? When we do the multiplication with a decimal number, we always move the decimal point to the left and is depend on how many places are there.

 

Division decimal example:

84 / 0.1 =840

84 / 0.01 = 8400

84 / 0.001 = 8400

 

Why? When we do the division with decimal, we always move the decimal point to the right and is also depend on how many places are there.

 

Overall, this round we had learned only about decimal and understand more about them.

 

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Python

In this round, we had learned about python. Python is a high-level programming language, which used to code in a computer and others program. Throughout the class, we had learned about the condition of the code or the outline. The outline we learned this round are booleans, comparison, indentation, if statement, else statement, elif statement, and And Or, Not. Those outline we learned at the beginning of the round. Learning this program is not easy to learn, because it similar to learn another language. In order to get through those programming languages, we needed to put our effort and passion. After we understood about those outline, we continue to learn about different loops. There For loop and While loop that we learned. For loop is a loop to perform the action that follows the amount number of times. In For loop, there’s break statement, continue statement, and range function.

For loop example: ( break statement, and continue statement )

Break Statement example:

animals = [“bear”, “dog”, “deer”]

for x in animals:

   if x == dog:

       break

print x

So the answer, it will print only bear and dog, because break statement used to stop the loop. The code will read the animals one by one, and if the code read the animals in the list by a dog the code will stop running, because in the loop we set the program to stop when it reaches the dog. Which mean break statement is used to stop the loop.

 

Continue Statement example:

animals = [“bear”, “dog”, “deer”]

for x in animals:

   if x == “dog”:

       continue

   print x

So the answer, it will print the bear and the deer only, because continue statement used to skip something in the list. The code will read the animals one by one in the list, and if the code read the animals in the list by a dog the code will skip the dog, because in the loop we set the program to continue or skip the dog to others animals that are in the list. Which mean that continue mean to skip something in the loop.

 

So hopefully, this explanation might help you a little bite of understanding what is a break and continue statement in For loop are.

 

Let’s continue to While loop. We used While loop to perform the action until the condition is false. In While loop there’re infinite while loop, break statement, continue statement and else statement. Let’s  do some example of break and continue statement of While loop and see what the different, but While loop mostly people use it with a number.

 

While loop example ( break statement & continue statement )

Break Statement example:

i = 1

while i < 6:

print i

if i == 3:

break  

i += 1

 

So the answer, it will be 1, 2,3, because break statement used to stop the loop. In the loop we set that print i, and i is added up one until it reaches six, but we set that when i add up by one and it equals to three stop the loop. Which mean this break statement stop the code by at adding the number until the condition is false.

 

Continue statement example:

i = 0

while i < 6:

i += 1

if i == 3:

continue  

print i

So the answer for this exercise, it will print 1,2,4,5,6, because continue statement used to skip something the loop. In the loop we set that print i, and i is added up one until it reaches six, but we set that when it adds up by one and it reaches to 3, it skip number 3 and go to others number that is the loop. Which mean continue statement use to skip something in the loop, and it will stop the code when the condition is false.

 

So basically, you might understand something through this explanation and you might know the difference between break and continue statement in For loop, and break and continue statement in While loop.

 

Throughout the process, we are not just learning about those two loops. We are also doing some exercise with those two loops to understand more and get used to it.

 

It always feel impossible until it done! ( Nelson Mandela )

 

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Identity

In this round, we are focusing on the search of our identity. What is the word identity mean? Identity is the fact of what created myself as me, and where I am from. Throughout the lesson, I  had identified myself and what had my parents passed to me ( Gene and skills that they have ). Out of that everyone needs to know the meaning of their name and why their parents named that for them. For me, in Khmer, my name means gold or jewelry, in Chinese it means Golden flower. My name came from Chinese, which named by my grandmother because she is Chinese. My grandmother named me Kimhor, because Golden flower refers to peace, fresh and happy. Also, She wants other people loves and likes me, not to hate me, and wants people to show their feeling of love to the beauty of the flower, which prefer to me. Also, she wants to feel everyone in the same branch of the tree. Some Cambodian kids, they said that my name is open my mouth to let insect get in. They said that because Hor in Khmer means open, so they connected the word open the mouth. Even though they said that, but I am not angry with them, because my name is Kimhor, not Hor, and they will understand the meaning of my name after they dig deeply into the strong roots.

All in All, I feel that my name is the sunshine of my life and my grandmother, so I don’t want to change the most important and unique that the hope of my grandmother gives it to me. Thanks to my grandmother for giving me this Golden flower, and meaningful to this little tree to see, while this little tree grows big, and how this tree will change of where this tree grow and develop his branch as big as he can.

Not just understand by understanding the meaning of our name, we also learned about where we are from, and describe the ideas of what we are thinking that describe where we are from. Out of that lesson, I had written a poem about where I am from, inspired by George Ella Lyon.

I am from the milk of the porridge

From the salty of the ocean and the sleep of soft cotton.

I am from the big rectangle of heaven

From the lives under the sunshine, and the noisy dropping water from the sky.

I am from the beauty of the very big and tall green giant hair, the mangoes tree whose long gone limbs I remember as if they were my own.

I ‘m from the Chinese tradition and dirt clean of the mess

From old root and branches.

I’m from my lovely old less beef

From the strong black tasty coffee and the rainbow makeup

I’m from the ghost and the pessimistic of the story stereotypes

From the beautiful kid songs in the church.

I’m from the advice of old tradition

I’m from the hand of people speed to survive and famous Angkor wat of world history.

From  the green large view of people life and from the smelly  delicious Brohuk

From the strongness of my grandmother, facing the sharp weapon try hard to grow family tree up.

From the old picture of having a struggle, and the hot heat of pushing this family to fight the difficult moments.

I’m from the strong roots with happiness to have these great moments for this lovely family to stand up high.

Every wonderful and atrocious moment in my life is where I am from

By: Kimhor Bun

 

Finally, I hope you had known something about my background, hopefully from this text might inspire some of you to learn and understand more about your identity.

 

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Robotic

In this round, when Hannah announced my name that I am in the Robotic exploration, I was excited and happy, because in that exploration there will be a competition in Singapore which mean I will be going to Singapore for the competition. It sounds fun and exciting, but we need to build a robot and do a lot of research for the competition. On the first day of our exploration, we had read about the competition and rules during for the competition. The competition named First Lego League with the theme of space. We just knew that the theme is about space, but we didn’t know our group and what we are going to do that first. Our facilitator ( Cindy ) just told us to look at the challenge in the first half of class, and the last halt built the mission station. There are ten missions station with 15 missions. Also, we learned how to code and which program we used to code for our mission. After we had known about the code and the challenge, we had divided into two groups of five people. Each group needs to decide the problem that the astronauts are facing during space. My group members are Angely, Pheakdey, Vitou, Kakruna P, and I. At first we decided to choose astronauts bone problem while there are in space for a long duration. Why bone?

Our bones usually have cells that help to break down the bones and cells that help to repair the bones to maintain rigidity in the bones. This actions usually happens when we put stresses on the bones including walking or exercise. This is a kind of bone stimulus. The problem of bone loss in space is caused by the absence of gravity.  When there is zero gravity, bones cannot function the stimulus equally anymore. Mostly, the cells that help break down the bones will be more active than the ones who help to build, which will cause the bones to lose their masses. Furthermore, when there is zero gravity, Calcium and minerals will pure out of the bones and cause the bones to weaken even more. The disease that will occur in this case is called  Osteoporosis (a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin d. The effect will be more likely for the lower parts of your body like your legs, spines, and your hips. However, exercise can counteract that stimulus (walking, running, using a treadmill. Bone loss in space isn’t exactly the same as the disease of osteoporosis because scientists have found hormonal causes to the disease while the bone loss in space is caused by the loss of gravity. Bone is a really dynamic tissue (Donahue, NASA). It will become bigger (because of the cells which are helping to build the bones) when there are more demands or stresses put onto it on Earth. In contrast, in the micro-gravity world, the bones do not have much stresses or demands to move on it. Therefore, cells do not help to build new bones to replace the bone that is lost by the damaging cells which cause the bones to lose its masses.  

 

After we had researched about a bone for a few days, our facilitator gives us an advice that others group that competes with us might choose bone problem too, because in the challenge guide they had mentioned about the bone problem too. So my team does a lot of more research about the problem that astronauts face in space. We spent about two days and we had come up with another’s problem which is a circadian problem. Why the circadian problem?

 

In space, astronauts float around. That makes them feel the same way when they sleeping and not sleeping.

This process is regulated by the complex interaction of many factors such as light, temperature, posture, and feeding. So we tend to sleep when it’s dark, we lie down when we sleep, we don’t eat when we should sleep, and our body temperature drops to a minimum while asleep.

The sleep biological clock works because of

Light

Temperature

Posture

Feeding.

   A circadiann rhythm is an internal clock inside your body, which function through the light. The astronaut must not look at the screen of the devices before bed because it could easily mess up the internal clock schedule as it confuses that it is still day time. Sleeping and waking up at the same time every day is really helpful for good sleep. Astronaut should set their own sleeping schedule for more efficient sleeping. Our eyes have light sensors that tell us when to sleep, eat and do many other things.

The sunlight tells our body when to sleep and eat. Circadian rhythm is the biological clock that regulates the alertness, sleepiness, tiredness, and wakefulness. As they travel in the orbit of the earth, Astronauts will experience one sunset or sunrise every 45 minutes.

There are a lot of sleep disturbances that astronauts in space face because of uncomfortable temperature, noise, radiation and they experience what people who work as night-shifts experience. It is like when we travel to a lot of different countries and getting jet-lagged, it is the same experience for astronauts but only in a different environment. There are a lot of different researches and studies on that. (Flynn-Evans and her team at Ames worked with Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, both in Boston, to conduct a study to evaluate causes of sleep deficiency hand the use of sleep-promoting medication by astronauts during spaceflight.) Often times in space, mission completion will contain tasks that need to be done in the biological night and sleep during the biological day, it leaves huge effects on Astronauts body in space.

During the experiment in space, NASA researcher had interviewed the astronauts and journals entries in order to better understanding of how they were being affected by sleep loss. They discovered that international space station astronaut, as well as shuttle astronauts, slept just six hours per night on average. In the mornings when light first hits our eyes, our body temperature and our blood pressure begin to rise, our heart rate increase, and there is a delay in the release of melanin which helps us wake up. Throughout the day of circadian rhythm increase and even has a dip during the day before decreasing at night as our body functions slow down and melanin begins to release again to help us sleep again.

After we had researched for a week, my team had decided that circadian problem is our final problem to research for the solution.

For the competition not just finding the problem and find the solution for that problem. We also need to complete the mission that is all on the mission board to get more point. In order to complete those missions we need to build the robot and code the program to control the robot to complete the mission. There is 15 mission in total and we need to complete those mission as much as possible in 2:30 minutes, which is in a short amount of time. In each mission there different point which depends on how hard is a mission and how easy the mission is. If we got a lot of points or the most point, there will be price and trophy for the winner. It is not easy to win the trophy because there are 4000 other teams from many different country in the world that involve in the competition.

Throughout the context, it seems hard but by the way, it fun to work in a group and giving a lot and a lot of ideas. I hope that during the competition my team robot would work well and throughout our hard work would win at least one trophy of the competition.

Do your work with your whole heart, and you will succeed. There’s so little competition. ( Elbert Hubbard )

 

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Chemical Bonding

In STEM class the second round of the year, we had learned about Chemical bonding. In chemical bonding, there are Covalent bonding, Ionic bonding, and Metallic bonding. For this writing, I would only describe about Covalent bonding and Ionic Bonding. 

Ionic Bond: All compounds form when atoms of different elements share or transfer electrons. In water, the atoms share electrons. In some other compounds, called ionic compounds, atoms transfer electrons. The electrons actually move from one atom to another. When atoms transfer electrons in this way, they become charged particles called ions. The ions are held together by ionic bonds. Ionic bond form only between metals and nonmetal. When it is Ionic bond an element will gain or lose the electron.

Covalent bond is the force of attraction that holds together two atoms that share a pair of electrons. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms. Covalent bonds form only between atoms of nonmetals. The two atoms may be the same or different elements. If the bonds form between atoms of different elements, a covalent compound forms. Covalent bonds form because they give atoms a more stable arrangement of electrons.

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Ratio

Almost at the end of the second round of the year, In math class we had learned about Ratio. What does ratio mean? Ratio mean to compare the number of something to the number of something. 

Example: If I want to compare boys, and girls students. I know that, there are 110 students in Liger with equally same amount of gender. If it is same amount of boys to girls, I know that, there are 55 boys, 55 girls. To ratio the number of boys to girls is 55 to 55 or 55:55, which both can be use. When we do the ratio, we need to you the number of something to the number of others thing. 

Ratio can do with more object, not just two object. It can be three, four, five or many object. d

Example: Engtieng has $5, Cheata has $4, David has $6, and Visal has $2. Why the ratio of Engtieng, Cheata, David, and Visal money. So we need to put in order list the amount of money down. Ratio of the money is 5:4:6:2, which 5 to 4 to 6 to 2. 

                                                                      

                                                       ( from https://www.google.com.kh/search?q=Ratio&rlz=1C1GTPM_enKH815KH815&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi8-MXp6vHeAhVEQI8KHZuEC6cQ_AUIDigB&biw=1364&bih=666#imgrc=tZd7EyRuup9RdM:)